3月主題悅讀～人物傳記Biography

改變世界的30個人30 People Who Changed the World

以下30位具有影響力的中外人物，
是Calliope雜誌讀者票選出來的～他們生存在不同的時代，
居住在不同的國家地區，
擁有不同的人格特質和經歷，
具備不同的專長和能力，
卻都在人類的歷史上扮演舉足輕重的角色，
且看他們如何改變人類的命運～

No.	Name	姓名	生卒年	領域	摘要Abstract
1	JOHANN GUTENBERG	谷騰堡	1397?-1468	inventor and publisher	Johann Gutenburg who developed a method of printing with movable or reusable metal type.
2	Thomas Alva Edison	愛迪生	1847-1931	INVENTOR	Thomas Alva Edison's successes light up the pages of history. His inventions and ideas have changed the way people throughout the world talk, entertain, travel, treat the sick, and fight enemies.
3	The Wright Brothers	萊特兄弟	1867-1912	INVENTORS AVIATORS	Brothers Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright who invented first flying machine.
			1871-1948
4	James Watt	瓦特	1736-1819	inventor	James Watt who developed the first steam engine and concept of horsepower as a unit of power output.
5	Leonardo da Vinci	達文西	1452-1519	artist, inventor and scientist	Leonardo da Vinci was the ultimate Renaissance man, a highly cultivated man who was skilled and well versed in the arts and sciences. Today, the world honors Leonardo as one of its most celebrated achievers.
6	Socrates	蘇格拉底	ca. 470-399 B.C.	PHILOSOPHER	Some people have greatly influenced later generations without ever writing a word. Among the most notable is the Greek philosopher Socrates.
7	CONFUCIUS	孔子	ca. 551-479 B.C.	PHILOSOPHER	The most important factor in Confucianism's lasting success is that it is more a system of ethics, a code of moral conduct and judgment, than a religion. It concentrates on how to live well in this world.
8	SIGMUND FREUD	弗洛伊德	1856-1939	PSYCHOLOGIST	Sigmund Freud who study of the human mind and theories about psychology and psychiatry dramatically altered the way in which we view and treat mental illness to this day.
9	Abraham	亞伯拉罕	?	PROPHET	Abraham who is a common father among Jews, Christians, and Muslims, prophet of Islam Muhammad, and Christian God Jesus Christ.
10	Mahatma Gandhi	甘地	1869-1948	ACTIVIST PHILOSOPHER	Indian reformer Mahatma Gandhi who is known for his philosophy of truth and non violence.
11	Thomas Jefferson	傑弗遜	1743-1826	PRESIDENT REBEL DIPLOMAT SCIENTIST	Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States 　who played a key role in shaping the laws that define the United States as a country.
12	Marcus Garvey	賈維	1887-1940	ACTIVIST BUSINESSMAN PUBLISHER ENTERPRENEUR	Marcus Garvey who founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Harlem, New York which fought for the rights of African Americans.
13	Friedrich Engels	恩格斯	1820-1895	REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVIST UNIONIST SOCIAL INVESTIGATOR	The work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels not only introduced the world to communism and a classless society, it forced individuals to examine the capitalist system and inspired important historical events such as the Russian Revolution and the Cold War.
14	HAMMURABI	漢摩拉比	ca. 1792-1750 B.C.	King of Babylonia	Hammurabi who developed Hammurabi code. It is considered the ancestor of all written codes of law.
15	Alexander	亞歷山大 大帝	356-323 B.C.	KING CONQUEROR STRATEGIST	Alexander, the Great who conquered areas including Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. Each of the cities Alexander founded served not only as a military, administrative, and economic center, but also as an outpost of Greek culture.
16	Adolf Hitler	希特勒	1889-1945	DICTATOR	German dictator Adolf Hitler who is known for Genocide and who formed Nazi Party.
17	Constantine the Great	君士坦丁 大帝	ca. 280～337	CONQUEROR EMPEROR	the Roman emperor Constantine, the great who chose Byzantium as capital and named it Constantinople, which is present day Istanbul in Turkey.
18	MARCO POLO	馬可波羅	1254-1323?	EXPLORER WRITER	Polo wrote of his adventures in a book titled The Travels, which offering Europeans the first description of China and the best geographical information about Asia.
19	CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS	哥倫布	1451-1506	EXPLORER NAVIGATOR	Columbus, Italian Spanish navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a route to Asia but achieved fame by making landfall in the Americas instead.
20	CHARLES DARWIN	達爾文	1887-1962	SCIENTIST THEOLOGIST	Charles Darwin who is known for his research in genetics. His work not only changed science, but it also gave us a whole new understanding of the natural world and our place in it.
21	Rachel Carson	卡森	1907-1964	ENVIRONMENTALIST WRITER	Rachel Carson who worked to find out the harmful effects of DDT and published the book "Silent Spring." Carson's determination to bring the pesticide issue to the public's attention that helped launch a generation of "green" thinkers -- people concerned about the environment and their place in it.
22	Galileo	伽利略	1564-1642	INVENTOR SCIENTIST	Galileo Galilei unlocked some of nature's secrets through the use of seemingly simple inventions -- among them the telescope and the pendulum.
23	Marie Curie	居禮夫人	1867-1934	SCIENTIST	Marie Curie who along with her husband Pierre Curie and co-scientist Henri Becquerel got Nobel Prize for discovery of radioactivity and scientist Louis Pasteur who discovered that liquids such as milk and beer soured because of the bacteria in them.
24	EUCLID	歐幾里得	ca. 325-265 B.C.	MATHEMATICIAN	Greek mathematician and father of geometry Euclid who wrote the book "Elements," and also wrote books on the mathematical theory of mirrors, on perspective, and on optics.
25	Alexander Fleming	弗萊明	1881-1955	SCIENTIST	Alexander Fleming, who found out Penicillium fungi from a sample of mold, from which antibiotics Penicillin has been derived.
26	AL-MA'MUN	阿爾瑪門	786-833	RULER INTELLECTUAL	Caliph of Abbasid Empire Al-Ma'mun who ruled areas including Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia.
27	SHAKESPEARE	莎士比亞	1564-1616	PLAYWRIGHT ACTOR	Shakespeare is considered to be among the greatest writers in the English language. whose plays includes "Hamlet," "King Lear," and "The Merchant of Venice."
28	Beethoven	貝多芬	1770-1827	COMPOSER	Ludwig van Beethoven who created musical symphonies and classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart who created operas, symphonies, and concertos.
29	The Beatles	披頭四	1940-1980	MUSICIANS	John, Paul, George, and Ringo. There was a time when those four names meant only: the Beatles-- formed a rock'n'roll band that would change music and popular culture forever.
30	HOMER	荷馬	ca. 700 B.C.	POET	Homer who wrote the book "Iliad." His descriptions are so vivid that the reader can almost hear the clanging of the weapons and the groans of the wounded.

«這份影響力人物名單一定和你心目中的不同吧？如果請你列出影響世界的10大人物，您會列出哪些人呢？之所以選擇他們的原因是什麼呢？

«更多更精彩的古今中外人物故事，都在圖書館中英文傳記資料專區(索書號780)，等著小朋友來借閱哦！

【資料來源Source】：Calliope, Jan2011, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p.2~44.